Angioplasty and stent placement - peripheral arteries
Definition
Angioplasty is a procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to your legs. These peripheral arteries can become blocked with fatty material that builds up inside them. This is called atherosclerosis.
A stent is a small, metal mesh tube that expands inside an artery.
Angioplasty and stent placement are two ways to open blocked peripheral arteries.
See also:
Alternative Names
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty - peripheral artery; PTA - peripheral artery; Angioplasty - peripheral arteries
Description
In angioplasty, your blocked artery is widened with a medical "balloon." The balloon presses against the inside wall of your artery to open your artery and improve blood flow.
Angioplasty can be done in these arteries to treat a blockage in your leg:
- Aorta -- the main artery that comes from your heart
- Iliac artery -- in your hip
- Femoral artery -- in your thigh
- Popliteal artery -- behind your knee
- Tibial and peroneal artery -- in your lower leg
Before the procedure, you will be given medicine to help you relax. You will be awake but sleepy. You may also be given blood-thinning medicine to keep a blood clot from forming.
You will lie down on your back on a padded operating table. Your surgeon will inject some numbing medicine into the area that will be treated, so that you do not feel pain. This is called local anesthesia. Your surgeon will then make a small incision (cut) in your skin, usually near your groin. Your surgeon will insert a catheter (a flexible tube) through the incision into the blocked artery.
Your surgeon will be able to see your artery with live x-ray pictures. This kind of x-ray is called fluoroscopy. Dye will be injected into your body to show blood flow through your arteries. The dye will make it easier to see the blocked area. Your surgeon will carefully guide the catheter through your artery to the area where it is blocked.
Next your surgeon will pass a guide wire through the catheter to the blockage. The surgeon will push another catheter with a very small balloon on the end over the guide wire and into the blockage. The balloon is then blown up. This opens the blocked vessel and restores proper blood flow to your heart.
A stent may also be placed in the blocked area. The stent is inserted at the same time as the balloon catheter. It expands when the balloon is blown up. The stent is left in place to help keep the artery open. The balloon is then removed.
Risks
Risks of angioplasty and stent placement are:
- Allergic reaction to the x-ray dye
- Bleeding or clotting in the area where the catheter was inserted
- Damage to a blood vessel
- Heart attack
- Kidney failure (higher risk in people who already have kidney problems)
- Stroke (this is rare)
- Allergic reaction to the stent material
- Allergic reaction to the drug used in a stent that releases medicine into your body
- Blood clot in the legs or the lungs
- Clogging of the inside of the stent
- Infection in the incisions
- Damage to a nerve, which could cause pain or numbness in the leg
Reviewed By: Larry A. Weinrauch MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Disease and Clinical Outcomes Research, Watertown, MA.. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
