Malabsorption
Definition
Malabsorption is difficulty in the digestion or absorption of nutrients from food.
Causes
Malabsorption can result from a wide range of diseases. Typically, malabsorption can be the failure to absorb specific sugars, fats, proteins, or vitamins. It can also be a general malabsorption of food. Diarrhea, bloating or cramping, failure to thrive, frequent bulky stools, muscle wasting, and a distended stomach may accompany malabsorption.
Malabsorption can affect growth and development, or it can lead to specific illnesses. Some of the causes of malabsorption include:
- Cystic fibrosis (the number one cause in the U.S.)
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Lactose intolerance
- Celiac disease
- Whipple disease
- Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (a genetic disease affecting the pancreas and bone marrow)
- Cow's milk protein intolerance
- Soy milk protein intolerance
- Biliary atresia
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Vitamin B-12 malabsorption may be due to:
- Diphyllobothrium latum infestation
- Juvenile pernicious anemia
- Parasites
Symptoms
- Avoiding specific foods
- Chronic diarrhea
- Bloating and gas
- Growth failure
Exams and Tests
See the individual conditions.
Treatment
See the individual conditions.
Outlook (Prognosis)
See the individual conditions.
Possible Complications
Long-term malabsorption can result in malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call to make an appointment with your health care provider if you notice symptoms of malabsorption.
Prevention
See the individual conditions.
Reviewed By: Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Frankford-Torresdale Hospital, Jefferson Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
