Singapore: Background & Geography
| Introduction | Singapore |
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Background:
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Singapore was founded as a British trading colony in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but separated two years later and became independent. It subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is the world's busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe. |
| Geography | Singapore |
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Location:
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Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia |
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Geographic coordinates:
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1 22 N, 103 48 E |
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Map references:
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Southeast Asia |
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Area:
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total: 692.7 sq km
water: 10 sq km land: 682.7 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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0 km |
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Coastline:
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193 km |
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Maritime claims - as described in UNCLOS 1982 (see Notes and Definitions):
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territorial sea: 3 NM
exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice |
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Climate:
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tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms |
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Terrain:
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lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m
highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m |
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Natural resources:
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fish, deepwater ports |
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Land use:
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arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 0% other: 98.36% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km |
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Natural hazards:
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NA |
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Environment - current issues:
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industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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Geography - note:
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focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes |