DNA replication is a process of making two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA. There is also Base pairing, base pairing is a certain bonding of complementary nucleotide bases. The DNA is composed of nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. The ribosomes are an organelle that are responsible of the protein synthesis. They assemble twenty amino acid molecules which form a protein. The DNA is a Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double stranded nucleic acid that is made of nucleotides. Deoxyribonucleic acid has a helix shape. The deoxyribonucleic acid is used to make proteins. The first step in DNA replication is transcription. Transcription is when the RNA polymerase attach with the DNA and then the DNA separates into two. RNA and DNA are both nucleic acids. RNA and DNA use base pairs of nucleotides as a language that is converted back and forth from DNA and RNA. Promoters signal the RNA when it is time to start a part of the mRNA. Base sequences on DNA signal that the mRNA is done and transcription is complete. RNA polymerase is an enzyme that’s in the nucleus and is responsible for making RNA from DNA.
In the cell, RNA polymerase is needed for building RNA chains. RNA polymerase is necessary for life and is found in every organism. There are 4 different types of RNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA. During transcription, the RNA polymerase attach with the DNA and then the DNA separates into two, then one of the DNA strands is used to make mRNA. The base pairing for the nitrogenous bases are A U G G C A U. Promoters signal the RNA when it is time to start a part of the mRNA. Base sequences on DNA signal that the mRNA is done and transcription is complete. Another type of RNA is Transfer RNA (tRNA) is one of the types of RNA. The tRNA functions as a translator between nucleic acid and proteins, as it picks up certain amino acids and it recognizes the correct codons that are in the mRNA. There is also Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA is a component of the ribosomes and is responsible for gathering the ribosomes. Translation is the third part in the making of proteins. In this part the mRNA combines with ribosomes and is decoded to produce amino acid chain that will turn into protein. It can be decoded one codon at a time, every codon is coded for the amino acid to be activated. Amino acids are the building block of proteins. Amino acids are a carboxylic acid group and a chain that differs between amino acids. Proteins are an organic compound that are made of one or more chains of amino acid. There are 20 different amino acids in proteins.